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BITS
The Component Based Operating System: based on describing system resources as independent components, lets applications implement their own abstractions, define their own protection schemes, participate in resource management.

A Caching Model of Operating System Kernel Functionality
Stanford Cache Kernel, supervisor-mode component of V++ OS; caches system objects (threads, address spaces) to raise performance; microkernel alternative, performance equals normal monolithic OSs, yet gives application-level control of system resources, more modularity, scalability, smaller size, means of fault containment.

Extensible Operating Systems
Brief description, and on-site links to descriptions of Choices, Exokernel, GLUnix, VINO, SPIN.

SPIN
Dynamically extensible, Exokernel-based, provides many core services: scheduler, kernel threads, domains, event dispatcher, security mechanisms, primitive VM operations. Blurs distinction between kernels and applications, which traditionally live in user-level address spaces, separated from kernel resources and services by an expensive protection boundary. Lets applications specialize the kernel by dynamically linking new code into running systems.

Using Kernel Extensions to Decrease the Latency of User-Level Communication Primitives
Suggests solving networking and distributed systems latency via operating system extensibility; University of New Mexico Technical Report.

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